"CHANGE: A THREAT TO SOCIAL STABILITY AND EQUILIBRIUM"

An equilibrium state is crucial in any society, thus make it closely related to the equilibrium theory.

Poor administration is a threat for social stability and equilibrium. When the country has poor administration and poor management, the country cannot adopt the changes that happen in the country. The country is not managing the administration very well. They have no proper planning, organizing, leading and controlling of the administration.

Without integration between races, the country is not able to stable and equilibrium the changes that happen in the country. Solidarity is important for social stability in the country. Every citizen in the country must cooperate and unite to ensure that they can stable the social. They must cooperate to ensure that the country is preserve from any internal and external threats.

Besides that, a threat for social stability is the gap between rural and urban areas development. There are poverty problems in rural area rather than urban areas. It will cause a gap between rural and urban area.

There is a factor either originated from within the society or from outside, that could impede the equilibrium state of the society, all efforts should focus towards getting it back.

THE STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL THEORY

by group 4

Classroom Discourse of Malay Language Lesson.

classroom discourse refers to the type of language use that is found in classroom situation. it is different in form and function from language used in other situations due to the distinct social role of students, teachers and the activities they are engaged in. analysis of classroom discourse is useful when examining the effectiveness of teaching methods and the types of student-teacher interaction. classroom discourse makes possible situation in which learning becomes more fun, student participation is active and teaching-learning are effective.

structure - Malay Language
function - as a channel of communication

boundary destruction - existence of english language will disturb malay language

when there is boundary destruction, malay language will not use anymore and substituted with english language. adjustment to the discourse, while the policy makers may, for example, adapt teacher training curriculum. clearly, critical discourse analysis is a form of social practice too. when there is equilibrium, the student can achieve high level of thinking skill, teaching and learning activities needs to stimulate students into thinking and discussing logically, rationally and objectively.

from using malay language, the skills of discussing critically and analytically on the comprehensive meanings of the various materials as well as solve problem. besides that, reading, evaluating and reviewing critically and analytical facts, ideas as well as human, social and cultural values in various prose and poetry.

malay language can be motivated by improving of language skills for effective communication, improving as well as expandingof the proficiency and practice of malay language as the country's official language, developing and enhancing the intellectual as well as rational, critical and creative thingking, procuring of knowledge and developing as well as applying these skills in daily lives posseing self-confidence that can contribute towards self and society.

Times up! It's penalty time!

Penalty:
Write an essay (approximately 150-200 words - marks will be deducted should your essay over the words limit) base on the following:

“Change: A threat to social stability and equilibrium”


The essay should:
1. Clearly shows your stand over the statement
2. Equip with relevant examples and good arguments
3. The conclusion should ties up the discussion
4. Reflecting your own ideas and NOT others!


Submission time: 12am / May 29th, 2009

MALAYSIAN SOCIETY : BENGALI

BY: GROUP4

yeah..!!! we still thinking, why does its have to be a research of bengali..! ayoyo.... well it still a part of our responsibilities of part of the society to know about them and might be those bengali peoples are positively contribute to our country without we noticing it.! besides malay, chinese, india, bengali is also one of the community exist in malaysia. basically the polpulations of bengali in malaysia have reach over 25,000 peoples.

The Bengali began migrating to Malaysia during the early 20th century. They were mainly from Calcutta, Dacca, Chittagong, and Midnapore areas of Bengal in India. Being well educated, the Bengali secured supervisory or medical assistant positions in the Malaysian plantations.

Today's third generations of Bengali are mostly professionals in a variety of fields. The Bengali is a small community, yet they have maintained their Bengali language and rich cultural practices. Marriages are still arranged by parents, with consent from the potential couple. Marriages are often arranged with Bengali from other countries. A growing number of interracial marriages among other races and other languages are influencing this close-knit community.

Their community is multi-lingual. As part of a larger North Indian Hindu community living in Malaysia, the Bengali often join Punjabi Hindus, Sindhi Hindus, and Gujarati Hindus in many celebrations and temple functions. They are well-versed in Hindi and often use Hindi or English on such occasions. The younger generation is comfortable using English and Malay, although Bengali is still being used at home.

as for the social changes, apparently the community of bengali is still a Gemeinshaft which is a small community in the malaysian society. however the bengali have evolved on several part that might be in conjunction with the current situations and environment that bring an outrageous effects towards them. at the very first time, the bengali immigrant is only having and trust their own religion and not contributed or join in together with others community, but nowadays time have change, they are still bengali, but part of them might be muslim, christian and migth be on other beliefs.

in term of divisions of labour, bengali is now not just a minimal community with only certain specialties, but it have been varied and most of them having a different knowledge and skills that can be applied. as the role being hold, bengali apparently still interrelated with their own society, only just a few of them that are only showing what they can do best. as for the organizing principles, the old days have thought this community to be more specific in their objective and starting to having a formal position of leadership rather than kinship.

while for the social intergration, it is the most important thing for bengali's. the social intergrations among them are seems to be high which is based on their similarity. eventhough the time have changed, they still have their own special values but the are still sharing it with others rather than keep it among their community. in malaysia, the bengali's still celebrating their festive seasons as usual plus it also being enjoy by others, that things also came up when other society having their time, the bengali's will support it. this is the way malaysian are..! ;)

as for the conclusion, we can see the changed and evolutions happens among this community but its still not reach the level of Geisselshaft that are the big society with a high values.

SOCIAL CONTRACT

by: group4

When we talk about social contract.. what does it can be defined as.. as our group opinion, we all agree that social contract is an agreement and more so to subject it to a review or change since the origin purpose of it is the formation of better MALAYSIA. some said that social contract can be "the inter-ethnic" bargain by the several leaders in order to having and enjoy their specialization as being the leader of the society.

As for the simple conclusion, social contract can be considered as an agreement made within the society in order of the social change of the country in one purposed-- developing the country.In its typical context related to race relations, the social contract has been heavily criticised by many parties, however the government seems that this agreement could positively change malaysian society into a better stages.However, Social Contract Theory is rightly associated with modern moral and political theory and is given its first full exposition and defense.

as in malaysia, it is always arise upon the issues within the races. since malaysia is one big society and inclusively with many types of races and religion, there might be many opposition upon difference opinion being given. for example is upon equality, the minority started to talked about the majority specialization that is not being enjoyed by them while for them they are also malaysian, this such thing will brought to any kind of social contract between them on any matters in order to ensure all malaysian are satisfied with who and what they are.

for an example, in term of education, the government once have introduce the system of "meritocracy". Meritocracy is a system of a government or other organization which is appointment are made and responsibilities are given based on demonstrated talent and ability, rather than by wealth, family connection, privilege, popularity or other historical determinants of social position and political power. In a meritocracy, society rewards that those who show talent and competence as demonstrated by past actions or by competition.

However, this new system was widely criticised by the non-Bumiputras as benefiting the Bumiputras by streaming them into a matriculation programme that featured relatively easy coursework while the non-Bumiputras were forced to sit for the STPM. we have heard some of the society have said that although in theory non-Bumiputras may enter the matriculation stream, and Bumiputras may sit for the STPM, this rarely occurs in reality. this kind of problem that will brought to the demand of part of the nations and might been brought chaos.

as for the last word, our group still think that the social contract is more into the agreement being made by the ruler for the society to ensure they will not be in such chaos or having a feeling that they are not being so important for the nation.

social change: SINGLE MOTHER

group 4

MOHD AKHTAR BIN RAMLI

MUHAMMAD AMIRUDDIN BIN ALI SABRI

LUQMAN ARIFF BIN AZMI

SAFUHAH MOKHTAR

NURHAZWANI HAMZAH

NOR AZIAN BINTI ABD. RAHIM

"I'm a single mom. My kids are 8, 7, and 4. I have 2 girls and a boy. Their dad is in jail. I get no child support. I work full time second shift.... i'm tired but still there is not enough for me to make a living"

"My son is currently 13 months old and we are starting the journey of single mother and child while my ex-husband enjoying his life with his new wife. what should i do..??"

"i started as a single mom at 18.It was kinda difficult and kindda freaky, I was really young and I felt so damned prepared...But he left. He felt in love with the neighbor with whom he has a kid 1 year 1 mont younger than my son. But i stood up and kept on walking, and really happy because I had this sunshine in my life... I was happy..."

This is a several stories that we heard among the society called 'a single mother'. as we can see, there is many kind of problems faced by them in order to continue their lived with their children. part of them being left by their husband and there also a single mother who lost their husband in tragic ways such as DIE..!!

do we really concern about what happen to them..??? i dont think so..! since we never experienced it ourself..! why dont you think it in another perspective, be a human, and start to think and feels the single mother are all about right now..!

as for the the society which is also the part of the government, we are already known about the assistance scheme for single mother that implement by the government through the MINISTRY OF WOMEN, FAMILY AND SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT. the society among 'single mother' should thanks the government for this kind of policy implementation tha helps them secure their future. this policy started being implement from 2001 due to the new establishment of the ministry. several stages of this policy being implement step by step due to the current need sof the society. thi process are continuosly dont since this community of our nations is independent and not been able to judge for their numbers.

as for the several changes and implementation by the government is:

• entitling widow will continues receiving their late husband pensionof their deceased husband upon their re-marriage
• prioroty will be given to single mom with monthly income below 600 to have new low-cost house located in several areas
• ministry introduce mentor-mentee programme in association with NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN ENTERPRENEURS in order to give a chance for single mom especially to participate in business
• helping low income mother obtained more organized and quality childcare service through the establishment of TASKA.
• to lighten the financial burden of single mother, to sustain their children schooling. tax exemption being given to the private company who fostered single mother with a school child till form5 up to rm200,000 annually.

this implementation being made can help 'single mother' who in need the secure system for their future especially the kids.

the component of social change in term of identity of change in this kind of policy can be specific. from the negative pictures by the society, single mother now can be more tough and independent due to the changes they have with the helps of government. the society now started to accept the 'single mother' as part of the nation that can contribute to the developing in many fields.

while for the level of change. of course single mother is a group of people which is part of the society that directly affect to the social change of the nations. for example, a single mother which also an entrepreneur can positively affects the economic growth of the country is the things they did are in positive situation also like others.

in term or duration of change, the policy being implement to help single mother is in the long-term of duration. all kind of related implementation are being undertake by stages which mean step by step and the effects are been able to be seen in the long-term due to the conditions and current situation and also the participation by the society itself.

magnitude of change for this policy is considered as high because the 'single mother' recently is another part of the society in the critical thinking of our malaysian that negatively give their expectation upon this people. with several implementation done by the ministry it could change the perception then change the conditions of our nation that next will help to develop our country.

in the last component of social change is the rate of change. as for this kind of policy it is considered continuosly since 'single mother' is the society or group that is unexpected to be occur. this issues will arise depends on our nation society situation especially in the social change and relations. so with a continuously change made by the government it still can secured this part of group or community that really needs a backup for them in term to take part in the society events.

as for the last word, single mother is also the part of society that can contribute to the nations in many terms. so, with the policy being implement by the government to help them, there will be no more worries to them. the single mother now can smile and then positively join our nation society to produced their efforts or anything they can to ensure the developing and positive social change towards the nation.....

1980s-increase the liability of public and private sector, comparative advantage

how to increase the ability of public and private sector?

1. to increase the ability in public and private sector in terms of services.

• government must give good services to the public. but government not really have ability to give better services to the public. so, government need to coorperate with the private sector. when the government coorperate with the provate sector, the services are more systematic better than before. in the same time, both parties will get the benefit from their coorperation (comperative advantages)
• eg: KTM at the beginning of the era 1980s, public cannot survive to give good services to the public. so, public need to find good ways to solve the problems. the prime minister on that era, he tried to convert the KTM to privatization. this system seem give the more advantage for the services. it is because privatization can give better service than before. so, this coorperation increase the ability in private and public sector services in KTMB.

2. to increase the ability of public and private sector in terms of financial.

• as we know, every organisation need strong financial capability to maintain their business. so, when there are coorperation between public and private sector, they have strength in terms of financial. they also can reduce the investment from the other invators, increase the profit and maintain their management.
• eg: PROTON give financial contribution to the country, even though many parties are questioning of the existance of PROTON. it shows that our country has ability to produce our own products. infortunately, the financial of PROTON has not in the good condition. so, our PM on that era find the goods ways to solve the problem. the convertation to make the PROTON from private sector to public sector. the government can inject the financial into the PROTON. so, the PROTON can service to continue their business until now.

development administration

group 4
1. safuhah bt mokhtar
2. nor azian bt abdul rahim
3. nurhazwani bt hamzah
4. maizatul asida bt samsul bahari
5. luqman arif bin azmi


the elements of development administration

1. managerial elements

managerial elements it is also related to the substantive elements that refers to how we manage the development all the development programs. it should be manage and follow the guideline that already establish. it also must follow the legal requirement to ensure the programs run smoothly, sufficient and effective according to that has been planned. if we not follow the guideline, the programs might be occur various problems such as bias, corruption, nepotism, error in term of financial and etc. example, the management of security policy in uitm terengganu is not really effective. it is because the outing card system is not really efficient and effective in controlling the students. in our opinion, this system is only the symbol of the security in controlling the students because of the card just placed at the college's office and there are no security body to check the card. this situation make the students just ignore the system and the safety is not the good manner.

2. substantive elements

this elements refer to government wide planning that include policies dissemination of resources and the goal policies. from this elements the population can appraise the government's intention in all of its programs and projects and by doing so benefits from them. according to riggs, substantive elements is the administrative organizations does not implement a policy deriving from outside from that environment of the organizations from that activities of some political body, which is received in the shape of legal norm but either such a set of political objectives and regulation is missing or even if lately it has existed formally, 'the incumbents may become powerful enough to influence policy formation as much as the politicians to whom they are nominally responsible' (riggs, 1964). in our understanding, the authority that have given power to make policy in the organization and it must be give benefit for the whole organization. for example, policy that mathematics and science teaching in english have many advantages, which is can help the students to improve their english in terms of language, speaking, listening, spelling, vocabulary, etc.

3. social elements

social element is one of the important element to build the good nation. this element need the involment of the whole people in the development. this participations also need the full intention from government. according to the riggs theory, differentiation + co-ordination = capacity. differentiation means the various people live in the country. example, malaysia have the multiracial that involve in the country. every people or races have different ideology and opinion. the co-ordination means the combination from the various people in the organization and cooperate together. for example, malaysia have multiracial people and they cooperate together with the government. every people combine and cooperate in the coutry. the capacity means the result of the differentiation and co-ordination in the organization. here can say, the cooperation in the differentiation and the combination of the people and government to achieve the goals and objective of nation.

4. political elements

it is related to the political parties or the authority. the person who have the power or the power holder must be come from the people or the representative. the authority must hear all the voice of the people. the good leader must be held to manage the country. the political environment in the country must be stable so the effect from that cover the performance in the country. the performance such as inceasing in the economis and the well being of people. example, in thailand, the conflict existing in choosing the prime minister still occur and its reflect to the economic growth, social change, security of the state, international affair and etc.

difference between public administration and development administration.

public administration is responsible to serve the programmes to the public. PA involve the public servant. they are respobsible to serve to the public very well regardless bias and prejudice. they must do their task fair among races and the important thing is they are not required to involve in politics. DA responsible to admin all the programmes and projects that has been formulate by the government. so, when DA exist, the country can measure whether the government are capable to admin the country. DA is mportant to ensure people's money are use properly by the government to improve the development in the coutry and have benefit for the public.

the relationship between public administration and development administration

DA is mechanism under PA to implement the programs that to achieve nation objective. PA have to serve the public well so, with the existance of DA it can ensure the prosess of services run smoothly, efficently, sufficient and fulfiill the public needs. DA is a element of PA. PA is an organization that involve civil servant which is responsible to serve the publis well regardless bias and prejudice. DA is mechanism and programs that concern on the ability of administration and developmentation as well as to seek for the approprite method that can be implementation by development nation. DA can not exist without PA. PA are responsible to implement the development administration.